International Law Enforcement Academies (ILEA) Criminal Law Practice Exam

The primary legal document concerning human rights in the European context is the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Adopted in 1950 by the Council of Europe, the ECHR establishes fundamental rights and freedoms that member states are obligated to respect and protect. It serves as a cornerstone for human rights law in Europe, providing a legal framework through which individuals can seek justice.

The significance of the ECHR lies in its enforceability through the European Court of Human Rights, which allows individuals to bring cases against states for violations of their rights as established by the Convention. This mechanism promotes accountability and offers a direct recourse for victims of human rights abuses in Europe.

While the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a foundational international document that outlines human rights at a global level, it lacks the binding legal status that the ECHR holds within its member states. The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union provides a comprehensive list of rights for EU citizens but is primarily applicable within the context of EU law rather than serving as a broad human rights instrument for all European states. The European Social Charter focuses specifically on social and economic rights and complements the ECHR but does not serve as the primary legal standard for human rights in Europe. Thus, the European Convention on Human Rights