What does forensic science primarily analyze?

Forensic science primarily analyzes physical evidence, which is the cornerstone of forensic investigations. This includes a wide array of tangible items like biological samples (blood, hair, skin), trace evidence (fibers, gunshot residue), fingerprints, and any materials that can provide information regarding a crime scene or the involved individuals. The analysis of physical evidence allows forensic scientists to establish connections between suspects, victims, and various elements of the crime, thereby contributing crucial insights to legal proceedings.

The focus on physical evidence is essential because it is often objective and can be subjected to scientific testing and validation. Each piece of evidence undergoes rigorous analysis, utilizing various techniques such as DNA analysis, toxicology, ballistics, and digital forensics, to derive conclusions that can stand up in court. This empirical approach provides law enforcement and the judiciary with reliable information that can support or challenge claims made during investigations and trials.

While eyewitness accounts, legal documents, and criminal behavioral patterns may provide valuable context or supplementary information in a criminal case, they typically do not possess the same level of scientific objectivity and reliability that physical evidence does. Forensic science's emphasis on substantiating claims through tangible, analyzable evidence is what sets it apart from other disciplines involved in criminal investigations.